Key Points

1. Postman now free for teams of 3 developers !!

References

Key Concepts

More test tools

testing tools

https://github.com/TestLinkOpenSourceTRMS/testlink-code
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=testlink+tutorial
https://www.guru99.com/testlink-tutorial-complete-guide.html

...

https://www.selenium.dev/
https://www.selenium.dev/projects/

...

https://robotframework.org/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/robot_framework/index.htm
https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework

Older tools that may not work

...

What Is The Difference Between Web Services and APIs 

API Testing types

1. Validation Testing
2. Functional Testing 
3. UI testing 
4. Load testing 
5. Runtime/ Error Detection 
6. Security testing 
7. Penetration testing 
8. Fuzz testing 
9. Interoperability and WS Compliance testing

More test tools

testing tools

https://github.com/

...

TestLinkOpenSourceTRMS/

...

testlink-code
https://www.

...

google.com/

...

canoo-webtest-review-2011-wo.com-Canoo webtest-vs-selenium-webtest-wins-13-5.pdf

curl

...

search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=testlink+tutorial
https://www.guru99.com/testlink-tutorial-complete-guide.html

https://jmeter.apache.org/
https://

...

jmeter.

...

apache.

...

org/

...

usermanual/

...

curl is a a command line tool that allows to transfer data across the network.

It supports lots of protocols out of the box, including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SFTP, IMAP, SMTP, POP3, and many more.

When it comes to debugging network requests, curl is one of the best tools you can find.

It’s one of those tools that once you know how to use you always get back to. A programmer’s best friend.

It’s universal, it runs on Linux, Mac, Windows. Refer to the official installation guide to install it on your system.

Fun fact: the author and maintainer of curl, swedish, was awarded by the king of Sweden for the contributions that his work (curl and libcurl) did to the computing world.

Let’s dive into some of the commands and operations that you are most likely to want to perform when working with HTTP requests.

Those examples involve working with HTTP, the most popular protocol.

• Perform an HTTP GET request
• Get the HTTP response headers
• Only get the HTTP response headers
• Perform an HTTP POST request
• Perform an HTTP POST request sending JSON
• Perform an HTTP PUT request
• Follow a redirect
• Store the response to a file
• Using HTTP authentication
• Set a different User Agent
• Inspecting all the details of the request and the response
• Copying any browser network request to a curl command

Perform an HTTP GET request

When you perform a request, curl will return the body of the response:

curl https://flaviocopes.com/

Get the HTTP response headers

By default the response headers are hidden in the output of curl. To show them, use the i option:

curl -i https://flaviocopes.com/

Only get the HTTP response headers

Using the I option, you can get only the headers, and not the response body:

curl -I https://flaviocopes.com/

Perform an HTTP POST request

The X option lets you change the HTTP method used. By default, GET is used, and it’s the same as writing

curl -X GET https://flaviocopes.com/

Using -X POST will perform a POST request.

You can perform a POST request passing data URL encoded:

curl -d "option=value&something=anothervalue" -X POST https://flaviocopes.com/

Perform an HTTP POST request sending JSON

Instead of posting data URL-encoded, like in the example above, you might want to send JSON.

In this case you need to explicitly set the Content-Type header, by using the H option:

curl -d '{"option": "value", "something": "anothervalue"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST https://flaviocopes.com/

You can also send a JSON file from your disk:

curl -d "@my-file.json" -X POST https://flaviocopes.com/

curl tutorial

...

index.html
https://jmeter.apache.org/usermanual/jmeter_proxy_step_by_step.html
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/JMETER/ProblemsRecording

https://www.selenium.dev/
https://www.selenium.dev/projects/

openapi

https://robotframework.org/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/robot_framework/index.htm
https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework

Older tools that may not work

Canoo WebTest

https://github.com/canoo/webtest

https://www.testwo.com/blog/4811

canoo-webtest-review-2011-wo.com-Canoo webtest-vs-selenium-webtest-wins-13-5.pdf

curl

https://flaviocopes.com/http-curl/

https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manual.html

curl is a a command line tool that allows to transfer data across the network.

It supports lots of protocols out of the box, including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SFTP, IMAP, SMTP, POP3, and many more.

When it comes to debugging network requests, curl is one of the best tools you can find.

It’s one of those tools that once you know how to use you always get back to. A programmer’s best friend.

It’s universal, it runs on Linux, Mac, Windows. Refer to the official installation guide to install it on your system.

Fun fact: the author and maintainer of curl, swedish, was awarded by the king of Sweden for the contributions that his work (curl and libcurl) did to the computing world.

Let’s dive into some of the commands and operations that you are most likely to want to perform when working with HTTP requests.

Those examples involve working with HTTP, the most popular protocol.

• Perform an HTTP GET request
• Get the HTTP response headers
• Only get the HTTP response headers
• Perform an HTTP POST request
• Perform an HTTP POST request sending JSON
• Perform an HTTP PUT request
• Follow a redirect
• Store the response to a file
• Using HTTP authentication
• Set a different User Agent
• Inspecting all the details of the request and the response
• Copying any browser network request to a curl command

Perform an HTTP GET request

When you perform a request, curl will return the body of the response:

curl https://flaviocopes.com/

Get the HTTP response headers

By default the response headers are hidden in the output of curl. To show them, use the i option:

curl -i https://flaviocopes.com/

Only get the HTTP response headers

Using the I option, you can get only the headers, and not the response body:

curl -I https://flaviocopes.com/

Perform an HTTP POST request

The X option lets you change the HTTP method used. By default, GET is used, and it’s the same as writing

curl -X GET https://flaviocopes.com/

Using -X POST will perform a POST request.

You can perform a POST request passing data URL encoded:

curl -d "option=value&something=anothervalue" -X POST https://flaviocopes.com/

Perform an HTTP POST request sending JSON

Instead of posting data URL-encoded, like in the example above, you might want to send JSON.

In this case you need to explicitly set the Content-Type header, by using the H option:

curl -d '{"option": "value", "something": "anothervalue"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST https://flaviocopes.com/

You can also send a JSON file from your disk:

curl -d "@my-file.json" -X POST https://flaviocopes.com/

curl tutorial

curl-flaviocopes.com-The curl guide to HTTP requests.pdf

Using cURL to authenticate with JWT Bearer tokens

Get the Bearer token using cURL and jq

TOKEN=$(curl -s -X POST -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data '{"username":"{username}","password":"{password}","rememberMe":false}' https://{hostname}/api/authenticate | jq -r '.id_token')

Setting and Using Access Bearer Tokens ( JWT ) with Curl

pipe the output of a curl command to an environment variable and use it in another curl command?

export ACCESS_TOKEN=$(curl -i -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -X POST -d @credentials.json http://localhost:8080/api/user/login)

 eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI1MTBlMjRiYWZmZTY0NjMyOGRiNjg1N2ViMTdlZTE1NCIsImFkZHIiOiIwOjA6MDowOjA6MDowOjEiLCJzY2hlbWUiOiJodHRwIiwicG9ydCI6IjgwODAiLCJpYXQiOjE0NjgzNzg5NDV9.COGBYBrx3oQvA2kIiObBOYkEFIL2BODcrSivxWvhuLs-aLsrMGO2z2aCddpwS2yZUB88Q3GOIU8QklbnfRMprQ

export ACCESS_TOKEN=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI1MTBlMjRiYWZmZTY0NjMyOGRiNjg1N2ViMTdlZTE1NCIsImFkZHIiOiIwOjA6MDowOjA6MDowOjEiLCJzY2hlbWUiOiJodHRwIiwicG9ydCI6IjgwODAiLCJpYXQiOjE0NjgzNzg5NDV9.COGBYBrx3oQvA2kIiObBOYkEFIL2BODcrSivxWvhuLs-aLsrMGO2z2aCddpwS2yZUB88Q3GOIU8QklbnfRMprQ

curl -i \
 -H 'x-access-token: '$ACCESS_TOKEN'' \
 -X POST -d @mydata.json \
 http://localhost:8080/api/data

curl: (7) Couldn't connect to server
curl: (3) Illegal characters found in URL

#!/bin/bash
export ACCESS_TOKEN=eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiI1MTBlMjRiYWZmZTY0NjMyOGRiNjg1N2V

Swagger - OpenAPI

Postman - API Test Tool

...

https://github.com/postmanlabs/postman-app-support/issues/2646

Problem

Sending a request to some pages, keep getting the error 'Javascript is disabled on your browser. Please enable Javascript and refresh this page'. The page works on the browser but on Postman it comes up with that error. Initially thought it was the page so tried another and still keep getting the error

Solution

1. Postman Version: 4.9.3
2. App (Chrome app or Mac app): Mac app
3. OS details: 10.12.2
4. Is the Interceptor on and enabled in the app: No
5. Did you encounter this recently, or has this bug always been there: N/A
6. Expected behaviour: N/A
7. Console logs (http://blog.getpostman.com/2014/01/27/enabling-chrome-developer-tools-inside-postman/ for the Chrome App, View->Toggle Dev Tools for the Mac app): N/A
8. Screenshots (if applicable) N/A

...

Robot Framework is actively supported, with many industry-leading companies using it in their software development.

Robot Framework is open and extensible and can be integrated with virtually any other tool to create powerful and flexible automation solutions. Being open source also means that Robot Framework is free to use without licensing costs.

Robot Framework has easy syntax, utilizing human-readable keywords. Its capabilities can be extended by libraries implemented with Python or Java. The framework has a rich ecosystem around it, consisting of libraries and tools that are developed as separate projects.

...

Libraries contain framework functions

Libraries provide the actual automation and testing capabilities to Robot Framework by providing keywords. Several standard libraries are bundled in with the framework, and galore of separately developed external libraries that can be installed based on your needs. Creating your own libraries is a breeze.

Standard

Builtin
Provides a set of often needed generic keywords. Always automatically available without imports.

...

Now make a directory called "features/". In that directory create a file called "example.feature" containing:

# -- FILE: features/example.feature
Feature: Showing off behave

  Scenario: Run a simple test
    Given we have behave installed
     When we implement 5 tests
     Then behave will test them for us!

Make a new directory called "features/steps/". In that directory create a file called "example_steps.py" containing:

# -- FILE: features/steps/example_steps.py
from behave import given, when, then, step

@given('we have behave installed')
def step_impl(context):
    pass

@when('we implement {number:d} tests')
def step_impl(context, number):  # -- NOTE: number is converted into integer
    assert number > 1 or number == 0
    context.tests_count = number

@then('behave will test them for us!')
def step_impl(context):
    assert context.failed is False
    assert context.tests_count >= 0

Run behave:

$ behave
Feature: Showing off behave # features/example.feature:2

  Scenario: Run a simple test          # features/example.feature:4
    Given we have behave installed     # features/steps/example_steps.py:4
    When we implement 5 tests          # features/steps/example_steps.py:8
    Then behave will test them for us! # features/steps/example_steps.py:13

1 feature passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
1 scenario passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped
3 steps passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped, 0 undefined

...

trader_is_alerted_of_status.story.

...

Configure Stories with data scenarios 

At the heart of the JBehave running of stories lies the Embedder, which provides an entry point to all of JBehave's functionality that is embeddable into other launchers, such as IDEs or CLIs. JBehave complements the Embedder with an Embeddable which represents a runnable facade to the Embedder.

JBehave allows many different ways to configure Embeddable Java classes that allow the parsing and running of textual stories.

JBehave provides two main Embeddable implementations:

...

public class TraderStoryRunner {
 
    @Test
    public void runClasspathLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
        // Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
        Embedder embedder = new TraderEmbedder();
        List<String> storyPaths = ... // use StoryFinder to look up paths
        embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
    }
 
    @Test
    public void runURLLoadedStoriesAsJUnit() {
        // Embedder defines the configuration and candidate steps
        Embedder embedder = new URLTraderEmbedder();
        List<String> storyPaths = ... // use StoryFinder to look up paths
        embedder.runStoriesAsPaths(storyPaths);
    }
 
}

where the TraderEmbedder/URLTraderEmbedder define the configuration using the loading from the classpath and URL resources, respectively. E.g.:

public class TraderEmbedder extends Embedder {
 
    @Override
    public EmbedderControls embedderControls() {
        return new EmbedderControls().doIgnoreFailureInStories(true).doIgnoreFailureInView(true);
    }
 
    @Override
    public Configuration configuration() {
        Class<? extends TraderEmbedder> embedderClass = this.getClass();
        return new MostUsefulConfiguration()
            .useStoryLoader(new LoadFromClasspath(embedderClass.getClassLoader()))
            .useStoryReporterBuilder(new StoryReporterBuilder()
                .withCodeLocation(CodeLocations.codeLocationFromClass(embedderClass))
                .withDefaultFormats()
                .withFormats(CONSOLE, TXT, HTML, XML)
                .withCrossReference(new CrossReference()))
            .useParameterConverters(new ParameterConverters()
                    .addConverters(new DateConverter(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")))) // use custom date pattern
            .useStepPatternParser(new RegexPrefixCapturingPatternParser(
                            "%")) // use '%' instead of '$' to identify parameters
            .useStepMonitor(new SilentStepMonitor());                               
    }
 
    @Override
    public InjectableStepsFactory stepsFactory() {
        return new InstanceStepsFactory(configuration(), new TraderSteps(new TradingService()), new BeforeAfterSteps());
    }
 
}

Running Remote Stories

JBehave supports running both local and remote stories. To run remote stories, we need to use a URL-based loader with an appropriate remote code location. The difference w.r.t. the local run is minimal:

public class RemoteTraderStories extends TraderStories {
 
    @Override
    public Configuration configuration() {
        return super.configuration()
               .useStoryLoader(new LoadFromURL())
               .useStoryReporterBuilder(
                       new StoryReporterBuilder()
                           .withCodeLocation(codeLocationFromURL("http://jbehave.org/reference/examples/stories/"))
                           .withDefaultFormats()
                           .withFormats(CONSOLE, TXT, HTML, XML));
    }
 
    @Override
    protected List<String> storyPaths() {
        // Specify story paths as remote URLs
        String codeLocation = codeLocationFromURL("http://jbehave.org/reference/examples/stories/")
                .toExternalForm();
        return asList(codeLocation + "and_step.story");
    }
 
}

Ignoring Failures Running Stories

By default, the story runners are configured to fail-fast, i.e. the execution will stop at first failed story (but will complete execution of the all the scenarios in the story first). To allow the generation of a complete stories view (reporting how many stories failed), the runners need to be enabled to run stories with ignoreFailureInStories flag set to true. In this way, all stories will run and the failure will be assessed only during the view generation. If any stories failed, the build will fail correspondingly. Should the need to ignore failure in the view arise (although generally not recommended), one can set the ignoreFailureInView flag to true.

View Reports 

https://jbehave.org/reference/stable/reporting-stories.html

...