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Key Points



References

Reference_description_with_linked_URLs_______________________Notes______________________________________________________________


m Tokens
https://github.com/interwork-alliance/TokenTaxonomyFrameworkTTF
https://interwork.org/Interwork Alliance
https://www.forbes.com/sites/vipinbharathan/2020/06/07/digital-assets
-ecosystem-will-be-powered-by-end-to-end-standards/#1b13be873fd8
Vipin on Interwork Alliance
Andy Martin - Next Gen Digital Business - Token Economy
https://etherisc.com/files/token_mechanics_1.0_en.pdfToken mechanics for insurance use case


https://bitscreener.com/news/zealeum-the-blockchain-based-health-and-wellness-
platform-announces-its-pre-sale
Zealeum wellness site and tokens



Sahoja wellness market

Socialgood token market




https://lists.hyperledger.org/g/fabric/message/6228FAB token design story
https://github.com/grepruby/ERC20-Token-On-HyperledgerFAB ERC-20 token wallet example - github
https://medium.com/deqode/erc20-tokens-on-hyperledger-b82399b4b969FAB ERC-20 token wallet example - medium
https://github.com/ethereum/eips/issues/1155ERC 1155 Multi-token wallet std 
 https://blog.enjin.io/erc-1155-token-standard-ethereum/ERC 1155 Multi-token wallet std  - good article
 https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/1155ERC 1155 Multi-token wallet std  - github




Token references


https://invao.org/token-classes-explained-coin-vs-utility-token-vs-security-token/Token Types

https://tokentaxonomy.org/

https://github.com/token-taxonomy-initiative/TokenTaxonomyFramework

Token Taxonomy Framework
https://medium.com/deqode/erc20-tokens-on-hyperledger-b82399b4b969Sample token framework example for HLF and ERC20 wallets


https://blog.oceanprotocol.com/how-to-monetize-tokenize-data-8f860e405773Monetize and Tokenize data article 1 - ocean protocol
https://oceanprotocol.com/protocol/#papersOcean papers
https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/concepts/architecture/Ocean Architecture
https://github.com/oceanprotocol/OEPs/tree/master/10Ocean Protocol github
https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/concepts/wallets/Ocean Wallet basics
https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/tutorials/react-setup/custom React app to run Ocean protocol
https://metamask.io/plugin to run DApps in a browser


https://blog.sfox.com/what-are-utility-tokens-and-how-will-they-be-regulated-89cfb6bb2a45Potential regulation of utility tokens by SEC


Token Platforms
https://www.exodus.io/blog/stellar-vs-ripple/Stellar vs Ripple
https://www.bitdegree.org/tutorials/stellar-vs-ripple/Choose Stellar or Ripple?
Stellarfast, affordable service, more flexibility
https://www.stellar.org/developersStellar developers
https://www.stellar.org/developers/guides/Development guides
https://www.stellar.org/developers/guides/concepts/fees.htmlTransaction fees
https://www.stellar.org/developers/reference/

Stellar Client API  

supports Java, JS, GO



Ripple fast, affordable service
https://xrpl.org/Ripple developer site for XRP Ledger
https://xpring.io/

Xpring.io  - open money platform

Interledger connects other ledgers ( ILP )

Java, JS, Swift languages



Tokenomics examples
token-bonding-curves-defiprime.com-Bonding Curve Offering Explained.pdfToken bonding curves
token-value-exchange-2020-vipin-forbes-Digital Assets Ecosystem Will Be
Powered By End-To-End Standards.pdf
Vipin - Digital assets driven by stds
IBM - Economic Impact of Blockchain.pdf
Blockchain business model design-andy-martin-linkedin.pdf
tokenomics-andy-martin-The token economy _ LinkedIn.pdf
blockchain-business-next-gen-business-model-andy-martin-2021.pdf
blockchain-business-token-economy-2021-andy-martin-ibm.pdf







Key Concepts


IBM - Economic Impact of Blockchain - 2020

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Umsfk4X7afh-RKUV4OODqNOkKBgfJHyC/view?usp=sharing


Andy Martin - Token Economy 

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/token-economy-andy-martin/

Possibilities

  1. New business models with smart devices bargain connected in micro-transactions
  2. Payment methods allow real-time clearance and settlement in some cases
  3. Ownership and value are exchanged simultaneously
  4. New secondary markets make ill-liquid assets liquid by fractionalisation
  5. Slow, expensive and manual paper processes needed for trade are put into smart contracts. Anything of value can be tokenised to be traded including physical assets
  6. Tokens can reward good marketplace behaviors


The theory - no middleman
trade value, peer to peer, without the need for anyone in the middle to make sure ownership is transferred with no double spend

The reality
There IS a financial blockchain payments platform in the middle. Just like POP money has Zelle or Venmo in the middle. Easier? True. No middle man? False.


The theory - blockchain payment systems are trusted

The trusts in theory

  • identity - who the parties are
  • provenance - of the products or services and payment exchanged
  • exchange guarantees - smart contracts can guarantee execution as atomic.

The trusts in reality

  • identity - who the parties are - low risk of digital identity fraud
  • provenance - of the products or services and payment exchanged still need verification but much of the data is cryptographically verifiable
  • exchange guarantees - smart contracts can guarantee execution as atomic but the digital transaction needs physical confirmation in many cases on the value and quality exchanged


Digital Economies integrated by Blockchain 

From Andy Martin, IBM

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/my-first-week-vblogs-blockchain-andy-martin/


One view of Blockchain Network Operations Funding


How is the data layer funded?

  1. a consortium operating in the innovation layer or other business models may fund it based on revenues or another factor
  2. a platform provider may fund it especially if they have strong profits in the innovation layer
  3. it may not have a well defined business model


Evolution of a Token Marketplace

  1. Decentralized network creates shared data
    Provenance of assets is created as supply chains are digitized. B2B shared processes are captured in private enterprise blockchains as source of the truth is created and ecosystem reconciliation is eliminated. This creates a new asset of trusted data at the level of a market.
  2. New services evolve from trusted data
    New quality of data may be traded in open marketplaces to new types of innovators bringing new services to market to make the most of this new trusted data at the level of the market.
  3. Liquidity improves
    Markets achieve a new level of liquidity as primary issuance onto the market is tokenised along with the digitally native payment rails.


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Blockchain Trends toward Hybrid

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Utility Tokens

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/andy-martin-387188a_token-economy-ownership-activity-6705736204945514496-RFux

 This is a new form of decentralised equity to reward platform owners and decentralised delegates. In creating our decentralised hybrid token marketplaces the incentive in the form of a platform utility token is key. This token is used to pay public permissioned delegates to validate transactions and to create blocks. It is bought as a stake by these decentralised service providers in order to gain the right to validate or order. Finally is used as a transaction fee which also serves as a protection against spam/DDoS attacks



Utility Token usage

Utility token life cycle includes:  mint, purchase, sell, spend, burn, redeem, convert

Conversions to fiat best with stable coins











Token Types

m Tokens#TokenTypes

https://invao.org/token-classes-explained-coin-vs-utility-token-vs-security-token/

But it’s actually quite simple: Coins are a currency, utility tokens offer a right to use a product or service, and security tokens represent an investment product.

  1. Security token is an investment with a defined stake in assets ( eg company eps, fixed assets etc )
  2. Coin token is a digital currency ( an alternative to fiat currency )
    1. coins bought and sold through exchanges for a fee
    2. coins can have fluctuating value ( value store ) like Ethereum, Stellar etc
    3. coins can have stable values ( value transfer ) like USD coin etc
  3. Utility tokens have specific value in a defined context ( eg buy a product or use a service in  online marketplace etc )
    1. To use a utility token outside the platform, it is normally redeemed for digital currency or fiat currency unless there is an ecosystem that accepts it
    2. Investors can buy these tokens and use them as a means of payment on the platform developed by the issuing company.
  4. Single Use tokens
    1. issued by party A to party B for party B to execute a transaction on A's blockchain using a smart contract one time only

What are utility tokens

https://blog.sfox.com/what-are-utility-tokens-and-how-will-they-be-regulated-89cfb6bb2a45

Using Utility Tokens

A Uber token, for example, could be used to pay for a ride with a Uber car. But not for anything else. If you wanted to use the Uber token to buy another product or service, you would first have to exchange it against either fiat money or a crypto-coin such as bitcoin.



Tokens and Account management in Stellar network



A possible role exists for using Stellar to create custom tokens, payments etc.
Here's some info on Stellar development and creating custom tokens.
You can record transactions to Stellar on other stores: database, Fabric where needed.
Jim


Use Stellar net to create new token 

https://how-to-use-stellar-laboratory.readthedocs.io/en/latest/token.html


Here are the steps involved:

  • Step 1: Create 2 accounts (One for Issuance, another for Distribution).
  • Step 2: Execute a change of trust transaction from Distribution to Issuance.
  • Step 3: Create the token.

Step 1: Create 2 accounts

You will need TWO (2) accounts. One to act as the issuer and one to act as the distributor account.

Create two and save them to your local computer. Make sure you clearly label somehow one as issuer and one as distributor. For me, I saved the data as “issuer-test-account-Stellar.txt” and “distributor-test-account-Stellar.txt”.

Using the testnet faucet and fund both accounts with RIA. Make sure that the slider in the top right is set to “test”.

Go to Create an account for more details.

Step 2: Change the trust between the two accounts.

For us to issue the token, we need to issue a change trust transaction between the distribution account and the issuance account. You can do that through this handy web interface.

Using the accounts you have created, change trust using the distribution account aimed at the issuing account:

Submit this using your private key

And you’ll come to this final screen:

If all goes well, you’ll see a JSON response similar to above.

Step 3: Creating the Actual Token

This step is not intuitive: the token creation is done by sending a payment from the issuing account to the distribution account, denominated in the new token. This is why we had to change trust to begin with — the distribution account issued a statement of trust that this “BLOCKSIMPLE” thing was the real deal.

Go to Transaction Builder, this is what that operation looks like:

If all goes well, you’ll see a successful transaction like so:

Ok, so now we have issued 5000 BLOCKSIMPLE tokens on the test net. Woohoo!

Congratulations! You just issued your first ever custom token!

Source: https://hackernoon.com/how-to-make-a-custom-token-on-stellar-ae5296512a2e



Custom Tokens on HLF example 1 - for ERC20 wallet

https://medium.com/deqode/erc20-tokens-on-hyperledger-b82399b4b969

Sample token framework example for HLF and ERC20 wallets

Github links

https://github.com/grepruby/ERC20-Token-On-Hyperledger/tree/v1.0/chaincode/token_chaincode/node
https://github.com/grepruby/ERC20-Token-On-Hyperledger/tree/v1.0/chaincode/token_chaincode/node/tokens

it sets up a token network based on Fabric and shows the use of a smart contract for using ERC20 token (still a token and principles/functions of using it still apply etc...)

Issue custom tokens on the Stellar Network for use in HLF solutions

https://www.lumenauts.com/guides/how-to-issue-a-token-or-ico-on-stellar


How to Issue a Token or ICO on Stellar
  1. Issuing Account. Visit the Stellar Account Viewer and generate a new account. ...
  2. Distribution Account. In the Stellar Account Viewer, generate another account. ...
  3. Trust the Issuer. ...
  4. Change Trust. ...
  5. Complete Transaction. ...
  6. Generate Tokens. ...
  7. Why Limit the Supply. ...
  8. Limit Transaction.

tokens-lumenauts.com-How to Issue a Token or ICO on Stellar.pdf


Interwork Token Architecture

https://interwork.org/

The value exchange layered protocol for Interwork opens many doors 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/vipinbharathan/2020/06/07/digital-assets-ecosystem-will-be-powered-by-end-to-end-standards/#1b13be873fd8

Digital Assets Ecosystem Will Be Powered By End-To-End Standards 

Vipin

These tokens are often marooned in platforms with no way to interwork with other tokens or payment systems or existing financial market infrastructure. Releasing the tokens from their current prisons and allowing them to interoperate will unleash business value. IWA standards are meant to be platform and technology neutral and not limited to blockchain or distributed ledger technologies.

IWA focuses on the interoperation of value represented by tokens, by addressing three layers of the problem. Each layer is at a different level in the business stack. Starting from the base, 

  1. Layer 1 - it is the token definition itself,
  2. Layer 2 -  the creation of smart contracts for interworking,
  3. Layer 3 - final layer is the extraction of aggregated data using privacy preserving AI for regulatory reporting and business insights. 

Token templates can make it easier for business analysts to model tokens and behaviors:

For example a token that can be minted and transferred has behaviors like mint and transfer. A business analyst models a token using a graphical front end, which in turn generates artifacts that span business specifications and code. This creates a seamless way to model the token from concept to code. 

Templates can be developed by domain

Multi-party contracts can leverage existing systems like CDM 

 IWA will benefit by looking at work that has already been done in the CDM or the Common Domain Model. CDM although first developed by ISDA, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association is now open source. CDM is being generalized for all types of contracts and is platform neutral. 

The same model can be used for other domains

ISDA CDM fact sheet

https://www.isda.org/a/z8AEE/ISDA-CDM-Factsheet.pdf

Create standards for market -driven analysis of contractually shared data for regulatory reporting and extraction of business value. This analysis will use privacy preserving methods. One can assume zero-knowledge proofs or homomorphic techniques. In this too, existing standards need to be looked at and integrated into the IWA.

Roles will be mapped to sets of token behaviors 

identities can be mapped to roles by:  automatic or manual assignments




Monetize and Tokenize Data


Ocean Protocol Network

https://blog.oceanprotocol.com/how-to-monetize-tokenize-data-8f860e405773

four building blocks needed to make this vision of open data sharing a reality. This open system allows every data provider to monetize and tokenize their data, so that data itself could be a sustainable business model. Once I explain how data can be used more openly, can we then apply the tools of finance to it?


Ocean architecture

https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/concepts/architecture/

An overview of the architecture of Ocean Protocol.


https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/concepts/secret-store/


Ocean Software components

https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/concepts/components/

Keeper

A computer running an EVM-compatible blockchain client (such as Parity Ethereum) where the associated blockchain network is running the Ocean Protocol keeper-contracts (smart contracts).

Secret Store

A Parity Secret Store: software for distributed key pair generation, distributed key storage, and threshold retrieval. It’s used to store asset access-control keys.

Acquarius item metadata manager

Marketplaces run Aquarius to store and manage metadata about the assets available in their marketplace. It provides an HTTP API for interacting with an off-chain database (sometimes called “OceanDB”).

Ocean DB Drivers

Aquarius supports several options for the off-chain database (OceanDB), including Elasticsearch and MongoDB. One can add support for another off-chain database by creating a new driver similar to the existing OceanDB drivers.

Birzio to manage access to market assets

Publishers run Brizo to manage interactions with marketplaces and consumers. It interacts with the publisher’s cloud and/or on-premise infrastructure.

The most basic scenario for a publisher is to provide access to the assets the publisher owns or manages, but Brizo can do much more.

Events Handler

Brizo communicates with the Events Handler to deal with Keeper Contracts events.

The Events Handler monitors Service Execution Agreement (SEA) events and acts as a provider agent to grant access and release rewards for the publisher/provider. This is a critical part in the process of consuming data sets in the Ocean Protocol network.

Every provider in the network must run some sort of an events handler to be able to fulfill the access condition of an Access service in a Service Execution Agreement.

Osmosis Drivers

Brizo supports several options for file storage, including Azure Storage, Amazon S3 and on-premise storage. One can add support for another file storage option by creating a new driver similar to one of the existing Osmosis drivers.

Squid Libraries

Client libraries used by applications (such as Pleuston or Jupyter notebooks) to interact with Ocean components, including Keepers, Aquarius nodes, Brizo nodes, etc.

Commons Marketplace

An online example marketplace/publisher for consumers to explore, download, and publish open data sets in the Pacific Network. Implemented using React and squid-js.

For more information, see the blog post about Commons Marketplace.

Pleuston example marketplace publisher

An example marketplace/publisher front-end for developers to explore, download, and publish assets in an Ocean Protocol network. Implemented using React and squid-js.



Ocean Tutorials

https://docs.oceanprotocol.com/tutorials/introduction/

These tutorials cover:

  • The basics of using wallets with Ocean Protocol.
  • How to set up storage (e.g. in Azure or AWS) to be used with Ocean Protocol.
  • Examples of using squid-js (JavaScript), squid-py (Python) and squid-java to publish a data set, to get & use a data set, and to do other things.



Potential Value Opportunities




Potential Challenges



Candidate Solutions


Social Solutions 

https://www.socialsolutions.com/blog/why-its-time-for-a-new-era-in-funding-social-good/




Sybal Social Goods Market


The Sybal Foundation provides an open market where participants invest in tokenized social good solutions ( projects and services ) and actively trade those investments managing their portfolios while supporting important social programs.  Non-profit organizations offer a wide selection of different social goods projects and services in the market participants can invest in and trade. 

Social good projects and services can apply for free market listings. 


This open system allows every data provider to monetize and tokenize their data, so that data itself could be a sustainable business model. Once I explain how data can be used more openly, can we then apply the tools of finance to it?


Communities Served


Investors







Step-by-step guide for Example



sample code block

sample code block
 



Recommended Next Steps



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