Key Points
References
| Reference_description_with_linked_URLs_______________________ | Notes______________________________________________________________ |
|---|---|
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination | |
| https://www.chunkerowaterplant.com/news/water-desalination-cost-per-gallon | evaporation and RO costs |
| https://genesiswatertech.com/blog-post/seawater-ro-operating-costs-analysis/ | seawater RO costs |
| https://medium.com/@desalter/desalination-plant-cost-factors-and-benefits-of-producing-clean-water-58786ba3bb99 | seawater RO costs and benefits - big plants, big costs, high output & discharge |
| https://medium.com/@desalter/plant-prices-the-costs-of-constructing-a-desalination-facility-2c31f7fcb690 | seawater RO costs |
| https://www.aquatechtrade.com/news/desalination/worlds-largest-desalination-plants | Ras Al-Khair is a hybrid project that uses both thermal multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies. – uses flash evaporation and RO |
Key Concepts
Common Methods to Produce Clean Water Sustainably
Wells can produce clean water
only sustainable where the water table is naturally replenished annually ( eg Maine vs Arizona )
Water conservation
only sustainable where there is adequate rainfall annually collected from roof tops, dew etc
Recycled Wastewater
sustainable method with supply limited by wasterwater availability and type ( no toxic chemicals etc ) and may have very high treatment costs making it uneconomical
Desalination of Seawater
Works well near seawater sources where transport costs are minimized
Potential Value Opportunities
Potential Challenges
Candidate Solutions
Step-by-step guide for Example
sample code block