Key Points

1. Needs p2p DER trading system like NSF
2. short schedule - lot of work to deliver by 2/2/20
3. complex requirements for approver logic ( workflow, tables, services, added UI screens )
4. need trading dashboard with tabs for offers, bids on the left, matched trades on the right
5. manual trading in MVP, automated trading not needed until production solution
6. an acre of good forest can offset 2.5 tons of carbon per year
   carbon-offsets-urbanforestrynetwork-Trees Improve Our Air Quality.pdf
   

References

...

Industry, Project Name, Organization Name, Description and scope.

Energy Blockchain Consortium

Industry: energy management

Project: EBC - energy management

...

https://ebc-dev.sysopsnetwork.com/trade

Fabric Environment v2.2 

https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/release-2.2/

Fabric Node SDK docs

https://hyperledger.github.io/fabric-sdk-node/release-2.2/module-fabric-network.html

Environments 

EBC github

...

Git vs Github Desktop

EBC DEV environment sites

EBC QA environment sites

EBC One_app demo now

Check Mongo in DEV 

accounts

...

{ "createdAt": {$gte: ISODate('04-12-2021')}}

Check API server in dev

https://ebc-api-dev.sysopsnetwork.com

Check Fabric in dev 

couchdb
http://3.21.101.182:5984/_utils/
admin / adminpw

...

https://ebc-dev.sysopsnetwork.com/trade

Key Concepts

EBC Retail P2P Energy Trading Market

Use Case Concept Diagram

Architecture Concept Diagram

Test case:

model a CreateOffer transaction flow from the user browser to completion

High level Flow

Steps

1. After login, user on the Web browser goes to the trades menu, offers list and selects Add Offers
2. trade API server executes offers.create 
3. the new offer is written to Mongo
4. the new offer is added to the Job Queue 
5. The chain API server reads the new offer request and sends it to Fabric contract using the SDK
6. The Fabric GO smart contract writes the new offer to the ledger and CouchDB

Detail transaction flow

1> User on the trades menu, selects Add Offer action

...

      jobs = await ctx.model('jobQueue').find({'jobName': 'CreateOffer', 'status': 'created'}).sort({'createdAt': 1});

Tiers and Layers Diagram

• Tiers
  • N Tier architecture may have an external client tier, multiple service tiers ( representing a complex business services network -  Access, Presentation, Services ) and multiple resource tiers ( database, media, messages etc ) as an extension of the basic 3 Tier architecture
  • clear separation of roles and responsibilities on a VCN
• Layers
  • Modern architecture separates responsibilities into distinct layers where possible. This concept builds on the old OSI comm layer model. With layers, you get
  • clean separation of responsibilities and roles for management and governance
  • ability to reuse existing services or invoke new services speeding development, delivery and improved modularity

...

for more see:  https://www.educba.com/logical-architecture/

Grids partner with Solar Companies to offer no-cost solar installs

DER, VPP glossary

kva
https://www.generatorsource.com/Generator_Faq.aspx

...

A solar charge controller manages the power going into the battery bank from the solar array. It ensures that the deep cycle batteries are not overcharged during the day, and that the power doesn't run backwards to the solar panels overnight and drain the batteries.

REC - renewable energy credits

https://www.energysage.com/other-clean-options/renewable-energy-credits-recs/#:~:text=Renewable%20energy%20certificates%20(also%20known,energy%20attributes%20of%20renewable%20electricity.

Renewable energy certificates (also known as renewable energy credits, or RECs) represent the energy generated by renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power facilities. Buying RECs is not equivalent to buying electricity. Instead, RECs represent the clean energy attributes of renewable electricity.

NE Pool for trading RECs

https://www.nepoolgis.com/

The New England Power Pool Generation Information System (NEPOOL GIS) issues and tracks certificates for all MWh of generation and load produced in the ISO New England control area, as well as imported MWh from adjacent control areas. In addition to the generation, the NEPOOL GIS provides emissions labeling for the New England load-serving entities by tracking the emissions attributes for generators in the region. In recent years the NEPOOL GIS has adapted to the various state RPS laws to track combined heat and power, demand response and conservation and load management certificates.

https://www.nepoolgis.com/public-reports/

https://www1.nepoolgis.com/myModule/rpt/ssrs.asp?rn=102&r=%2FPROD%2FNEPOOLGIS%2FPublic%2FNEPOOL_BulletinBoard&registryUrl=true&apxReportTitle=Bulletin%20Board

https://www1.nepoolgis.com/mymodule/rpt/CertificateInfo.asp?rhid=2160732&ftType=H2O

Carbon Credits 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_credit

...

There are also many companies that sell carbon credits to commercial and individual customers who are interested in lowering their carbon footprint on a voluntary basis. These carbon offsetters purchase the credits from an investment fund or a carbon development company that has aggregated the credits from individual projects. Buyers and sellers can also use an exchange platform to trade, which is like a stock exchange for carbon credits. The quality of the credits is based in part on the validation process and sophistication of the fund or development company that acted as the sponsor to the carbon project. This is reflected in their price; voluntary units typically have less value than the units sold through the rigorously validated Clean Development Mechanism.^[4] The European Union's carbon credits traded from $7.78 to $25.19 averaging $16.21 per tonne in 2018.^[5] Although it remains in development, it is anticipated that the value and trading of carbon credits will continue to grow particularly as several governments have committed to "green recoveries" following the COVID-19 pandemic recession.^[6]

Carbon Offsets

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset

...

With the increase of population, more specifically urban population due to densification, there is more of a demand for carbon offset.^[5] Within the voluntary market, demand for carbon offset credits is generated by individuals, companies, organizations, and sub-national governments who purchase carbon offsets to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions to meet carbon neutral, net-zero or other established emission reduction goals. The voluntary carbon market is facilitated by certification programs (e.g., the Verified Carbon Standard, the Gold Standard, and the Climate Action Reserve) which provide standards, guidance, and establish requirements for project developers to follow in order to generate carbon offset credits. These programs generate carbon offset credits provided that an emission reduction activity meets all program requirements, applies an approved project protocol (also called a methodology), and successfully passes third party review (also called verification). Once carbon offset credits are generated, any buyer may purchase them; for example an individual may purchase carbon offsets to compensate for the emissions resulting from air-travel (see more on Air-travel and Climate).

EPA REC concepts 

https://www.epa.gov/repowertoolbox/state-solar-renewable-energy-certificate-markets

...

Map of State Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) with Solar or Distributed Generation Provisions (PDF) (1 pg, 116K)The Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE), operated by the N.C. Clean Energy Technology Center, is the most comprehensive source of information on incentives and policies that support renewable energy and energy efficiency programs in the United States. DSIRE provides state-specific information on RPSs with solar carve outs or provisions.Database of State SREC ProgramsDSIRE, operated by the N.C. Clean Energy Technology Center, is the most comprehensive source of information on incentives and policies that support renewable energy and energy efficiency programs in the United States. This table provides details on state-specific SREC programs, including which type of entities are eligible for the program, what size and type of solar systems are eligible, and information on the financial incentive offered.Solar Renewable Energy Certificate (SREC) Markets: Status and Trends (PDF) (58 pp, 1.2MB)SREC markets have emerged in U.S. states as a method to meet compliance with solar carve out provisions of RPSs. This report, produced by The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, provides an overview of the SREC market and design, as well as the market trends and key issues facing SREC markets. The report was published in 2011, so some information may not be up-to-date. For more recent information about specific policies in your state, check out DSIRE or contact your state’s energy agency.

REC trading concepts

https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/renewable-energy-certificates-recs

• What is a renewable energy certificate (REC)?
• How do RECs work?
• What is the legal basis of RECs?
• What is REC Arbitrage?
• What is the Difference Between RECs and Offsets?

Greenpoint energy management services

Custom Programs
Fully customizable and white-labeled enterprise solution

...

GREENERMILES
An eco-friendly fleet mgt

Carbon technology 

Carbon life cycle in the ocean: algae, fungus etc

https://phys.org/news/2021-06-fungus-fast-track-carbon.html

carbon-bio-cycle-phys-Fungus creates a fast track for carbon.pdf

Enerblock concepts

from HLR doc v2

m NSF Enerblock P1

...

Virtual Power Plant framework enabled by blockchain to monitor and trace electricity generated, monitor and transfer electricity from energy storage assets, and produce the requisite tokenization strategy.

1. Tokenization

   1. Tgen

      1. Power Generation: Tgen tokens created

         1. Kwh

         2. 5 minute intervals (beginning)

         3. 15 minute intervals (Advanced)

      2. When Charging a Battery: Tgen token is exchanged for the Tstorage token and burned

      3. Operating a Load

         1. Tgen tokens are burned

         2. The operating load would be buying the token at some price, and presumably the asset owner can offer both the Tgen token and the Tstorage token to the operating load (representing the grid) at any given point in time.

            1. Rate

            2. Date/Time

   2. Tstorage

      1. Token Burn Algorithm

         1. Sets tokens aside if it thinks they're not required based upon extrapolations from historical data, but burns them after verifying the capacity has fallen and necessitates the burn using interpolated data at various points.

         2. Must account for different battery burn rates, which is a function of battery discharge and battery lifetime

Other P2P energy trading systems

u energy p2p DER trading

Tokens in DER systems

Token concepts

• Energy Token -
  • Stored Energy can be recorded as an NFT for an expiring asset ( Non-fungible token ).
  • The energy token is minted when the energy is created as a unit for an account device
  • The energy token is a charge in a battery that decays over time which should be reflected as a standard rate of decay
  • The energy token is burned when energy is consumed
  • The energy token can be transferred to another party in a trade but there are fees for the trade ( a platform transfer fee and a distribution charge on the grid )
    • on the trade, the original energy token is burned, the energy transferred via the grid to the buyer mints a new token
    • if the grid "buys" the energy, the original token is burned, the energy transferred to the grid in the purchase but no new token is created 
• Rewards Token
  • a standard Utility token can be created for the platform to reward specific activities by each party
• Payment Token
  • a payment token on the platform can be created to reflect when payment tokens are purchased ( minted ),  payments are earned ( minted ), when they are spent ( exchanged ) or redeemed ( burned ) for actual payments to a bank account.
  • The payment token can be limited to the platform ( vs a public stable coin like USDT, USDC etc ). 
  • They payment service can purchase tokens or redeem tokens from a bank account using the ACH connection for a very low fee ( $1.10 ) 
  • The option exists to handle payments using a stable coin ( like Tether USDC etc )
    • Those stable coins have higher fees but offer digital custody services etc that our platform would not if we use our own payment tokens
    • Concerns for stable coins are actual fees to operate, digital custody and reserve requirements, governance and compliance with banking regulations ( which state ? Wyoming or ? )
• Governance Token
  • we have no defined need for a governance token to control how the platform itself operates at this point

...

The purchase, exchange and redemption of payment tokens can be done directly using our token service to a client bank account on an ACH transfer or using APIs to a stable coin service our clients would be required to register with

EBC Setup - Test Environments - docs

Testing API services locally

Frontend startup

frontend call ...
npm run startLocal
( script )

ebc-api startup

ebc-api call
NODE_ENV=devLocal PORT=3030 npm start

Changes to ebc-api app

added package.json scripts 

...

// REACT_APP_API_URL=https://ebc-api-dev.sysopsnetwork.com/

REACT_APP_API_URL=http://localhost:3030/

Changes to ebc-frontend-app

config folder has json config files for each environment

...

const { AuthenticationService, JWTStrategy } = require('@feathersjs/authentication');
const { LocalStrategy } = require('@feathersjs/authentication-local');
const { expressOauth } = require('@feathersjs/authentication-oauth');

module.exports = app => {
const authentication = new AuthenticationService(app);

authentication.register('jwt', new JWTStrategy());
authentication.register('local', new LocalStrategy());

app.use('/authentication', authentication);
app.configure(expressOauth());
app.service('authentication').hooks({

EBC Test Environment Setup Examples

----------------------------------------------------
devops access for dev env


nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com

or  web app at
https://enerblock.sysopsnetwork.com/ 

1> create a client key pair w puttygen 

use puttygen to generate key pair 
save private key w pass phrase .. jm+
save public key as pem file ..
send public key to server to load

	setup pass on prv > jm+

	valid nsf-api pkey = jmason-pkey.ppk
	valid nsf-fabric pkey = jmason-pkey3.ppk
	puttygen, after load, shows the public key for the private key to copy

2> connect on openvpn

jimstOVOTAtivlp$aKo8wesjim
use openvpn connection
jim
w pwd


3> open terminal w putty ssh

run putty ssh
load private key w phrase
create conenction
	nsf-api
	url 	nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com

loginr


4> open robo3t connection

robo3t connection
	nsf-api 
	url nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com  27017
	uses ssh prv key - no SSL ( its vpn )
		with openvpn no need for ssh tunnel

nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com

5> postman client


import postman lib export and run in postman for nsf-api lib

postman api 

import postman nsf test collection
https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/5352743/SzS5v6ok?version=latest

then run postman 

initial test fails
GET /accounts HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:3030
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6ImFjY2VzcyJ9.eyJpYXQiOjE1ODM3OTcxMTIsImV4cCI6MTU4Mzg4MzUxMiwiYXVkIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VyZG9tYWluLmNvbSIsImlzcyI6ImZlYXRoZXJzIiwic3ViIjoiNWU2MmMxYTBjYzE5YzAzMGE2YjFjNGNiIiwianRpIjoiNzcxMTg5ZjMtZWM5YS00OThjLTliOWUtN2I2ZjE2MmM0OTM3In0.XrmEn2Sff6Z3U9q7XdleoU0-2YZHKhrcPxUuipb_jV0
cache-control: no-cache
Postman-Token: df9ced11-c722-4843-83aa-d9dfe2e6d730


https://blog.postman.com/2018/08/09/postman-release-6-2/



6> Fabric server putty access ...

Open putty
load the profile ps-nsf
set the ip address to: 3.14.248.223
save the profile as nsf-fabric
open
login ubuntu


7> Location of NSF Fabric CouchDb 

http://3.14.248.223:5984/_utils


8> Enerblock Web app 


https://enerblock.sysopsnetwork.com/register

https://enerblock.sysopsnetwork.com

Local NPM builds 

npm run build

npm install -g serve

serve -s build

localhost:5000

this url works now - direct call to the active AWS zone
http://ebc-frontend-dev.s3-website.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/

Run apps on Local system

NODE_ENV=devLocal port=3030 npm #dev

Feathers queries on GET requests 

https://ebc-api-dev.sysopsnetwork.com/bids?accountId[$ne]=6008f9791404d97cb59bd982&$limit=10&$skip=0

...

{{base_url}}/bids/?accountId[$ne]=6008f9791404d97cb59bd982&status=open&createdAt[$gte]=2021-02-22

Key Env Tasks

remote

aws

mongo / mongoose

github

...

hlf v2.2 - GO

React / Redux

local or my aws

ubuntu

mysql or mongo / mongoose

...

hlf v2.2 asset xfer samples tests

Key Engineering Tasks 

--------------------------------------------
a>> create a production design doc in gdocs
--------------------------------------------

non-functional production requirements

1. The 12 SWT solution themes
2. 12 Factor app model for services solutions
3. OWASP 10 factor security considerations - data in-flight, at-rest, in-process
4. identity methods supported - userId-pwd, digital identities for people?
5. device ids, credentials with expirations
6. digital id, crypto recovery models for accounts, devices
7. KMS - key management system - KeyChain software eos ?
8. handling key rotations for transactions and queries over time
9. additional design, test and user documentation
10. support for multiple microservices in feathers or other frameworks
11. support for functional authorization by role
12. support for data authorization by role
13. consider automated testing options for API, database, Fabric, UI
14. feathers support for microservices, authorization models, external service integration, extended models based on views with edit rules
15. configuration support by environment
16. real-time screen updates for selected elements using web sockets
17. consider UI options for Web, Mobile interfaces
18. persistent messaging services as an option to replace the database transaction tables based on performance tests ( Mongo tables or Kafka ?? )
19. rethink what is stored on the ledger
20. consider a logical global transaction id linking database and ledger updates ( like the last TXID ) now
21. consider IoT integration services ( Nodered or Kafka or MQTT or ?? ) for solar smart controllers
22. review IoT device integration standards for solar controllers and test with Elcrow PI
23. define analytics module for the home owner, for the grid operator showing consumption and production trends, purchases etc
24. consider the automated trader feature based on policies
25. consider the trade planner feature
26. user accounts need policies
27. integrate device data to the user account system
28. evaluate a rules framework for feathers or ?
29. consider Grails for master table maintenance
30. decide on Mongo vs MySQL for JSON data
31. review CICD pipeline and related tests
32. consider better automated management of crypto artifacts in Fabric and usage by the application for signed transactions etc
33. consider better event pub sub services model for streaming events

Key Design Tasks

WP headless CMS

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

Payments with Stripe

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

Account Management

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

Product Management

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

Order Processing

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

Sales Analysis by Account, Product

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

CDD for Non-Functional Features

eg environment items: security, performance, RAS, RTO, RPO, onboarding, authn, authz

Blockchain Concepts

Object Context

Use Case Scenarios

RDD Features

Data Models

Key Dev Tasks

test nsf-api - feathers.js
https://github.com/Paramount-Software-Solutions/nsf-api

...

grails ....
create app
create domain classes - gen edit
create controllers
create views

hlf v2.2 nodejs example

Key Test Tasks

Test info

Base URL  

https://nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com/

...

https://documenter.getpostman.com/view/5352743/SzS1SoR6?version=latest

Postman NSF API setup

Export an existing NSF collection library

Import the library and select run in Postman button

Duplicate the collection and edit the duplicate

setup environment variables to use in URLS and body clauses


In Postman, 

http://{{rhost}}:3030/accounts

use url without port to allow server proxy redirection
http://nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com/accounts

postman quick reference guide

pm.environment.get("rhost") in a script

Postman Testing NSF REST api

----------------------------------------
NSF API - create new user in dev in postman
----------------------------------------

sequence ...

*** ensure correct url == https:// and host 

		nsf-api.sysopsnetwork.com

---------------
1> create a new user 

auth = no auth

https://{{rhost}}/accounts

{
  "firstName": "Jim",
  "lastName": "Mason",
  "email": "jmason900@yahoo.com",
  "password": "Skyler@00"
}

<< sends a verification email with a custom verification token



---------------
2> verify user token 

auth = no auth

https://{{rhost}}/authManagement

{
	"action": "verifySignupLong",
	"value":"1b6cb27b711d01a0396baaccc8108b"
}

>> substitute correct token from the verification email



---------------
3> authenticate user ( login )

auth = no auth

https://{{rhost}}/authentication

<< returns a Bearer token for the session

use test script to set the token for the environment

pm.environment.set("jwt", response.accessToken)


---------------
4> after login, run all methods with the Bearer token variable from the environment 

auth = Bearer token




----------------------------------------
verification url fails 
----------------------------------------

https://nsf.sysopsnetwork.com/verify?token=1b6cb27b711d01a0396baaccc8108b

Problems with UN SDG s and SDG18

https://sdgs.un.org/goals

...

In a world the other 17 goals are all negatively impacted by population growth and there is no goal to limit the population growth, then SDG18 can be assumed as implicit support for population growth. All the actions on the other 17 also encourage population growth. The behavior of governments and NGOs and many corporations is that population growth must be valuable and good even though none of them directly express that goal.

Potential Value Opportunities

pilot = 2 yrs
prod at national grid after = 2 yrs

...

gsearch - bc poc report
see JIRA, HLR, BOA, bcp folder
diagrams for
use cases
bpm data flows

EBC MVP report model
https://www.hyperledger.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/HL_SolutionsBrief_ReduceCost_V8.pdf

overview

poc goals, value add
poc reqmts map to HLR use cases register user account, create assets, load transactions,
poc environment
poc development
poc testings & findings
poc summary
production architecture
production features
next steps

Candidate Production Requirements

production requirements are driven by functional and non-functional requirements supplied by EBC.

Candidate requirements include:

1. The 12 SWT solution themes
2. 12 Factor app model for services solutions
3. OWASP 10 factor security considerations - data in-flight, at-rest, in-process
4. identity methods supported - userId-pwd, digital identities for people?
5. device ids, credentials with expirations
6. digital id, crypto recovery models for accounts, devices
7. KMS - key management system
8. handling key rotations for transactions and queries over time
9. additional design, test and user documentation
10. support for multiple microservices in feathers or other frameworks
11. support for functional authorization by role
12. support for data authorization by role
13. consider automated testing options for API, database, Fabric, UI
14. feathers support for microservices, authorization models, external service integration, extended models based on views with edit rules
15. configuration support by environment 
16. real-time screen updates for selected elements using web sockets 
17. consider UI options for Web, Mobile interfaces
18. persistent messaging services as an option to replace the database transaction tables based on performance tests ( Mongo tables or Kafka ?? )
19. rethink what is stored on the ledger
20. consider a logical global transaction id linking database and ledger updates ( like the last TXID ) now
21. consider IoT integration services ( Nodered or Kafka or MQTT or ?? ) for solar smart controllers 
22. review IoT device integration standards for solar controllers and test with Elcrow PI
23. define analytics module for the home owner, for the grid operator showing consumption and production trends, purchases etc
24. consider the automated trader feature based on policies
25. consider the trade planner feature 
26. user accounts need policies 
27. integrate device data to the user account system 
28. evaluate a rules framework for feathers or ? 
29. consider Grails for master table maintenance 
30. decide on Mongo vs MySQL for JSON data 
31. review CICD pipeline and related tests
32. consider better automated management of crypto artifacts in Fabric and usage by the application for signed transactions etc
33. consider better event pub sub services model for streaming events 
34. transaction replay support

References for Production Architecture

Design Node.js Backend architectures

https://afteracademy.com/blog/design-node-js-backend-architecture-like-a-pro

Production Design Concepts - Tony

Development Plan of Release 1.0 is coming But we’ll start with a simple framework

Let’s start with a simple framework with some mock functionality. This is work for only 1-2 weeks and does not need to be very sophisticated. Just functional.

...

Step 6: Do research on open source White Label NFTs and how can we use that to build EBC’s NFT Marketplace.  Also do research on “Gas” fees on Ethereum network and the cost. If the cost of NFT minting is say $40 of gas fee etc, and our NFT is $10 then it makes no sense for the NFT owner to pay $40 and g $10.  Provide top 2-3 options.

Best

Tony

Recommendations for the Digital Voluntary and Regulated Carbon Markets - 2023 - WE Forum

https://www3.weforum.org/docs/Recommendations_for_the_Digital_Voluntary_and_Regulated_Carbon_Markets.pdf

...

2.4 Interoperability and transparency across exchanges and platforms

3 The time is now

Carbon Market Challenges

Lack of transparency, integrity and confidence in the monitoring, issuance, sale, retirement and benefits distribution of carbon credits, as well as in third-party certifications

1. use of certification standards, Certification bodies, independent - licensed certifier organizations
2. online marketplace showing registered parties ( producers, consumers, certifiers, projects, standards orgs ), project status and types, inventory life cycle mgt, order life cycle, delivery life cycle, taxations, my carbon stories,  wish lists, private sale lists, histories downloadable, AMM smart pricer, bids and offers
3. mobile, web, api access models
4. SLT based on trusts, scale

...

Inaccessibility, inequity and lack of participation in carbon markets by women, local communities, smallholder land stewards, Indigenous people and other vulnerable populations

Insufficient scale to meet climate commitments

Potential Challenges

Improving authentication for EBC MVP applications

To meet an unrealistic MVP deadline from the client, we created 2 separate services: one for users trading, one for approvers

...

IF we had more time, funds, a long-term design would use a different model to support different user types and functional authorization

A plan to consolidate the existing MVP solution into a single app and integrated user database

• Consolidate the trade and approver applications into one application
• Change the trade and approver services to use a single authentication token
• Change the account and approver tables to have the SAME identity for any user that is in both tables

Production architecture is out of scope on budget, time now

• Create a new registration solution that incorporates the existing approver table functions
• Create a new authentication service that supports the added approver functions
• Extend the authorization model to support specific RBAC - role based access control - beyond the base roles of user, approver
• Extend the authorization model to support data contexts beyond the limited model in the MVP

MVP2 Challenges 

1. Client planning gaps for MVP2
   1. client disappears for 10 weeks to create a "capabilities" specification
   2. client says it will only take 2 weeks to implement because they are experts on the web technologies used
   3. client spec is not a design and has many logical, process and data gaps to be filled ( BUT "design not needed" )
   4. client thinks coding and design can start day 1 not understanding an Agile process has design before coding
2. Our team on EBC MVP2
   1. had 2 people from the prior EBC effort. One was an excellent developer.
   2. 6 new people added, only 1 from Paramount
   3. QA person can only manually test UIs, no APIs, no data analysis
   4. Documentation person didn't have significant role since design had run concurrent to development on the SAME stories
   5. 2 senior UI developers really are junior level only
   6. The new UX designer is first class
   7. HR function is weak
   8. high pressure, short-term projects are not the place to "train" new teams
3. Factory approach to software solutions missing
   1. Need open standards based platform, technology stacks
   2. Improve solution value, flexibility, portability avoiding custom cloud services in cloud environments
   3. Architect solutions as assemblies of common component services ( data services, content services, security services, visualization services, management services, IAM services, JEPL event process services, etc  )
   4. factory pays increasing dividends over time as the services stack value grows to build applications faster, flexibility with better quality over time
   5. replace large developer teams with fewer, better paid senior developers that can build factory services and deliver solutions on the factory
   6. compare Feathers, Grails, JHipster on full stack automation 
4. Carbon Offset Solution Values
   1. carbon offsets are a payment ( by carbon ton ) from a carbon emitter to a carbon reducer who reduces CO2 output elsewhere ( eg a Tree farm, Solar farm, Wind farm etc)
   2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset
   3. https://www.offsetguide.org/understanding-carbon-offsets/what-is-a-carbon-offset/
   4. https://www.treehugger.com/best-carbon-offset-programs-5076458
   5. terrapass sells carbon offsets retail at about $10 per ton. Retailers offer monthly subscriptions based on your carbon footprint.
5. mm
6. more

Carbon accounting concepts and solutions

Carbon Credit Price Per Ton in 2023 (and Every Other Year)

https://8billiontrees.com/carbon-offsets-credits/carbon-credit-price-per-ton/#:~:text=This%20price%20is%20determined%20by,to%20%2480%20per%20metric%20ton.

...

https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+the+wholesale+value+of+a+1+ton+carbon+credit&oq=what+is+the+wholesale+value+of+a+1+ton+carbon+credit&aqs=chrome..69i57.11762j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

how much carbon does an acre of forest remove in a year

https://www.google.com/search?q=how+much+carbon+does+an+acre+of+forest+remove+in+a+year&oq=how+much+carbon+does+an+acre+of+forest+remove+in+a+year&aqs=chrome..69i57.13296j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

When you run the number, it turns out that one acre of forest absorbs about 2.5 tons of CO2 per year.

https://guides.regen.network/guides/regen-marketplace/bridging/regen-ledger-to-polygon

Bridging - move carbon credits from Polygon / Toucan to Regen marketplace and vice versa

https://app.regen.network/projects/1

VCU - Verifiable Carbon Units

https://app.regen.network/credit-classes/C01

This credit class provides a vehicle for nature based Verified Carbon Units (VCUs) to enter the blockchain space via issuance on Regen Ledger. It can be used by project developers, credit brokers, and other stakeholders interested in digitizing carbon credits issued by the VCS program to make them available in the emerging world of decentralized finance.

blockchain for carbon credits concept

https://medium.com/open-forest-protocol/how-blockchain-will-open-a-new-standard-for-carbon-credits-8822558e14a9

nature-based-solutions. These can be generally grouped into two categories — Carbon Emission Avoidance or Carbon Removal. Although not a completely exhaustive list, here are some of the most common NBS solutions in the space:

1. Reforestation — these additionality credits are generated from activities that involve planting trees in an area where the forest had previously been cleared or destroyed. These projects are either terrestrial (land-based), or wetland (marine or freshwater), such as mangrove restoration projects.
2. Afforestation — generated from activities that involve planting trees in areas where there was no forest previously.
3. Agroforestry — generated from activities that involve the integration of trees into agricultural landscapes, such as intercropping, alley cropping, and silvopastoral systems.
4. Peatland — generated from activities that involve the protection and restoration of peatlands, which are among the most carbon-rich ecosystems in the world.
5. Conservation — generated from activities that involve the protection of carbon-rich ecosystems, such as rainforests, savannas, and grasslands.
6. Avoided Deforestation — generally refers to the conservation of any forest area that would have otherwise been destroyed for commercial purposes.

key players in the ReFi industry today.

Flowcarbon — Flowcarbon operates at the intersection of carbon and new technology in order to protect earth’s natural carbon sinks and scale quality carbon reduction and removal projects, on-chain

Toucan — Toucan’s primary mission is to create public infrastructure for carbon markets running on open blockchains

Senken — a gateway to buy, retire, and sell carbon credits on chain in a transparent and trackable manner

Regen Network — ecological assets for the ReFi economy: Regen bridges between real life ecological impact and the incentives that web3 finance provides.

Moss — Using tokenization of specific carbon credits as well as NFTs, the MOSS MCO2 token represents tokenized carbon credits from projects directly working to prevent deforestation and protect the Amazon rainforest.

dMRV: The Foundation of Carbon

https://medium.com/open-forest-protocol/how-blockchain-will-open-a-new-standard-for-carbon-credits-8822558e14a9

We’ve talked a lot about carbon credits, carbon markets, and our friends in the ReFi space who are using these mechanisms to create groundbreaking, digitized environmental solutions. But the pot is still boiling: HOW are we confirming that all the carbon being traded, exchanged, accredited, retired, and showing up on marketplaces, is actually legitimate? That 1 tonne of carbon really is being sequestered and that tonne of carbon is represented by a token? Enter digital Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (dMRV), and by extension, Open Forest Protocol.

MRV, Measurement, Reporting, and Verification, is a pillar of legitimate carbon, on or off chain. It is the foundation for all manner of climate mitigation efforts, from energy reduction to reforestation. It is the integral step in proving an intended impact has been achieved. As a framework, MRV is essentially how you take real world carbon removal activity data, and convert it into a tradable asset (the credit). MRV is the backbone of the carbon market.

Within the context of forest monitoring, MRV involves three interconnected procedures:

1. Direct Measurement of data (such as tree height, diameter, species, on-site photos, etc.).
2. Standardized data Reporting by compilation into an inventory.
3. Verification of reported data to ensure reliability and validity.

So far, with legacy systems, MRV has been siloed, expensive, opaque, and often inaccessible by the projects and initiatives on the ground. It has seen only partial attempts at digitization and as a result is a clearly identified bottleneck between the market’s demand signals and the capacity for the market to respond with additional supply. The chain of command can be complicated and difficult to navigate — to read more on the ins and outs, head over to our MRV piece.

Due to a lack of transparency, MRV is prone to dishonesty which has eroded trust in the carbon financing system as a whole. It’s time for a ground-up rethinking and application of appropriate technologies to create a better system.

Blockchain technology — an immutable, globally accessible ledger of project data — ensures a transition to an on-chain carbon management system and market that is the first of its kind in the world, connecting supply and demand in a way that surpasses that of any current industry. .

Toucan - scale the impact of planet-positive projects by turning carbon credits into tokens with Toucan's infrastructure

https://toucan.earth/

Tokenized carbon allows for both large and small buyers to engage with carbon, with lower barriers to entry and more transparency.

Increase the value of your carbon credits

Access new sales channels and increase the value and transparency of your carbon projects by bringing them on-chain into the Open Climate Registry

Toucan Web app

https://app.toucan.earth/overview

https://github.com/ToucanProtocol

https://docs.toucan.earth/toucan/introduction/readme

https://developer.toucan.earth/

Carbon Bridge to other chains

Our Carbon Bridge allows owners of carbon credits from verified sources to link each one to a unique digital token called a TCO2. These are stored in a smart contract on a blockchain database called the Open Climate Registry.

Carbon SDK + API

Help us scale climate solutions by using our developer toolset to build tokenized carbon into your next project.

Carbon Pools

Carbon Pools hold similar carbon tokens, which back liquid carbon reference tokens like NCT. These can be traded on exchanges and used in products built on the Toucan Protocol.

Carbon Retirements

Offset emissions by purchasing and retiring carbon from specific projects and vintages - using our Open Climate Registry and retirement functionality.

Image Modified

Value opportunities for carbon

Earn interest on carbon

Access new ways of turning carbon credits into productive, yield-bearing assets.

...

Diversify treasury or portfolio holdings with tokenized real-world carbon credits.

What is ReFi — The intersection of crypto and climate

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-refi-intersection-crypto-climate-mitchell-board/

carbon accounting references 

Towards Ontology and Blockchain Based Measurement, Reporting, and Verification For Climate Action - SSRN-id3717389.pdf

https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/CASIG/Voluntary+Carbon+Offsets+Directory+Research+Project

References

• Securing Climate Benefit: A Guide to Using Carbon Offsets
• Voluntary Ecological Markets Overview by IWA - this document is really about carbon offsets despite its title.
• EDF Trends in Voluntary Carbon Offsets Market
• These Countries have Prices on Carbon.  Are they working? (NY Times)
• Taskforce for Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets Final Report
• Microsoft Carbon Removal - Lessons from an Early Corporate Purchase
• Microsoft Criteria for high-quality carbon dioxide removal

Ratings and Criticisms of Carbon Offsets

• A buyer’s guide to soil carbon offsets - Carbon Plan

• BeZero Carbon Ratings Methodology
• The World Needs Better Climate Pledges
• Comments on the Initial Recommendations of the Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets (TSVCM) from Berkeley Carbon Trading Project and affiliated groups
• Startup That Rates Carbon Offsets Finds Almost Half Fall Short
• Top Airlines’ Promises to Offset Flights Rely on Phantom Credits
• NPR Reporting on Forest Carbon Credits Gets It Wrong in 5 Ways
• Carbon Direct Commentary on Release of the Voluntary Offsets Database
• How Additional is the Clean Development Mechanism

...

https://github.com/opentaps/blockchain-carbon-accounting/blob/main/open-offsets-directory/README.md

The Carbon Offset Marketplace - reference model

https://www.offsetguide.org/understanding-carbon-offsets/carbon-offset-projects/offset-project-entities/

...

Individuals and organizations purchase carbon offsets to counter-balance GHG emissions. Therefore, the final buyer has no interest in reselling the offset but will prompt the retirement of the carbon offset credit

Carbon Value of a Tree Farm

https://www.gotreequotes.com/how-much-co2-do-trees-absorb/#:~:text=The%20average%20Pine%20tree%20absorbs,or%2010%20tons%20per%20year.

How much Co2 do trees absorb?

Project Management Challenges

7/13/21  Next Steps

We have wrapped Sprint 1 new features.

...

Sprints for Carbon Mgt App

Sprint 5 Retro

retro.jim>
bad > need better coverage between stories in epics and the actual work getting done
bad > need better job on matching stories to epics every time
bad > need better job of finding the matching story list for an epic when we do customer reviews ( as Amir has been doing )
bad > need better indication of blocked items ( eg a dependency on Word press server environment etc )
bad > need better backlog grooming prior to Sprints ( Jim, Shilpa )
bad > took too long to resolve the blockchain usage model for this app ( vs trading app ) ( Tony, Jim )
good > responsive to customer in our weekly status review meetings
good > work getting done in specific instances by developers

QA environment not setup for Chain API

Frontend and api apps are setup in QA correctly

No AWS environment has been setup for the Chain API in QA

Strategy - minimum work to demo Fabric contracts 

Option 1 -  test locally to DEV environment on Chain API

create local version of ebc-v2-api that points to Mongo ebc_dev_v2 database

...

view results in Mongo DEV and couchDB DEV

Option 2 - create Fabric environment in QA

Option 3 - reconfigure Fabric DEV environment to be Fabric QA environment

Candidate Solutions

Carbon Offset Production Using Seaweed feed for Cows

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/seaweed-methane-emissions-cows-gas-climate-change/

Managing carbon effectively for ESG

https://www.globalcarbonesg.com/

Learn how we combine carbon sensors, IoT, and Blockchain to help you baseline and manage your carbon footprint.

IBM puts carbon certifications on blockchain

https://www.ibm.com/blogs/blockchain/2021/08/revolutionizing-renewable-energy-certificate-markets-with-tokenization/

Revolutionizing renewable energy certificate markets with tokenization.pdf

enterprises purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) which represent 1MWh of zero-carbon electricity generated by another entity. The seller of REC could be outside the region or country the enterprise is from. The enterprises then use the RECs to offset their carbon footprint and be compliant with regulations on carbon emissions and green standards.

Companies are looking to newer solutions to capture, analyze and report Environmental Sustainability Goals (ESG) information and reduce their environmental impact. A decentralized and immutable blockchain network, which leverages enhanced characteristics of distributed ledger technology (DLT) can greatly increase the adoption of energy certificates and ensure consumption closely matches the generation.

cumbersome carbon accounting process becomes simplified with significant cost savings, as smart metering and automations are introduced.

 exchange of different amounts of energy and granularity of energy certificates. For example, energy certificates can be traded in smaller program time units (PTUs), such as the case of hourly certificates, becoming more in cadence with clearing and settlement

commercial-scale blue hydrogen, derived from natural gas and carbon capture and storage (CCS) and green hydrogen, produced from renewables-based electrolysis processes. This has led to surge in hydrogen project announcements working in conjunction with both the gas and renewable sectors. The energy generation using hydrogen and other mixed sources have some CO₂ emission associated and needs to be captured in the certificates.

wide variety of implementations for tokenizing energy certificates, coupled with the fact that they are often at an infancy stage, call out for defining industry standards towards interoperability between networks in different geographical regions across the globe.

self-funding ecosystems are leveraging Ethereum-based (ERC-20) solutions by introducing a dual layer of tokenization. The purpose for public platforms of supporting two layers of tokenization is to provide end-users access to use their platform and contribute to corporate revenues and create exchangeable tokens encapsulating energy certificates.

P2P energy trading

A similar system is being developed by Power Ledger. With its own unique trade matching algorithms, prosumers and consumers can transact available power equitably, without favoring any of the participants. Other characteristics of this platform include pegging of native tokens to a local unit of currency and aggregation of individual meters in a single transaction. The trading group can be configured by either their application host or Power Ledger. WePower also offers an alternative solution on exchanging energy certificates via its native WPR token and auctions. WePower launched a financial derivative product, called Contract for Difference, to mitigate risk in corporate power purchasing agreements (PPAs).

ESG reporting on carbon

As organizations are by now committed to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), there is a need for an elegant solution which enables them to calculate carbon footprint and assist in creating their ESG reporting.

Tokenize energy certificates and reporting

solution (enerT) to tokenize energy certificates using Hyperledger Fabric and Tokens-SDK. Tokenization of energy certificates in a DLT platform can offer an intelligent solution with regards to full disclosure certification of energy. In addition to the amount of energy generated by mixed sources, tokens created in the network could also store other useful characteristic such as CO₂ emissions in the energy supply chain.

A tokenized energy marketplace would offer a wide range of trusted certificates in terms of energy types and origin. Such a network would allow suppliers and consumers to trade energy certificates efficiently and inexpensively. A tokenized certification unit would be like what the container did for the shipping industry.

Google Maps GPS API

https://help.parsehub.com/hc/en-us/articles/226061627-Scrape-latitude-and-longitude-data-from-a-Google-Maps-link

https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-find-coordinates-on-google-maps

Currency Codes and Conversion Rates

currencyCodes

currencyConversionRates

...

http://www.portfolioslicer.com/data/file-currency-conversion.html

Meetings

EBC DER trading POC schedule 

Jan 5 accounts app works
demo accounts to database again
demo account, device from script to ledger
a> need to move front-end logic to feathers client

...

Jan 26 Sprint 5 - trades begins
membership certs for accounts

Step-by-step guide for Example

sample code block

Recommended Next Steps

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