i Networks
- jim mason
- jimm1
Key Points
References
| Reference_description_with_linked_URLs____________________________ | Notes_____________________________________________________________ |
|---|---|
| m TCP Networks | |
Key Concepts
TCP/IP
HTTPS
FTP
SSH
DNS
DHCP
LDAP
Proxy Servers - HTTPS vs SOCKS
http://www.jguru.com/faq/view.jsp?EID=227532
A SOCKS server is a general purpose proxy server that establishes a TCP connection to another server on behalf of a client, then routes all the traffic back and forth between the client and the server. It works for any kind of network protocol on any port. SOCKS Version 5 adds additional support for security and UDP. The SOCKS server does not interpret the network traffic between client and server in any way, and is often used because clients are behind a firewall and are not permitted to establish TCP connections to servers outside the firewall unless they do it through the SOCKS server. Most web browsers for example can be configured to talk to a web server via a SOCKS server. Because the client must first make a connection to the SOCKS server and tell it the host it wants to connect to, the client must be "SOCKS enabled." On Windows, it is possible to "shim" the TCP stack so that all client software is SOCKS enabled. A free SOCKS shim is available from Hummingbird at http://www.hummingbird.com/products/nc/socks/index.html.
An HTTP proxy is similar, and may be used for the same purpose when clients are behind a firewall and are prevented from making outgoing TCP connections to servers outside the firewall. However, unlike the SOCKS server, an HTTP proxy does understand and interpret the network traffic that passes between the client and downstream server, namely the HTTP protocol. Because of this the HTTP proxy can ONLY be used to handle HTTP traffic, but it can be very smart about how it does it. In particular, it can recognize often repeated requests and cache the replies to improve performance. Many ISPs use HTTP proxies regardless of how the browser is configured because they simply route all traffic on port 80 through the proxy server.
Other Protocols
SD-WAN Concepts
SD-WAN Topology Whitepaper. link
SD-WAN_Topology_Whitepaper.pdf. file
1. Introduction
2. Why is the Network Architecture Important?
3. Right Network Architecture = Right Kind of Application Performance
4. Understanding the Basic Fabrics: Public vs Private
5. The Traditional Internet
6. Multiprotocol Label Switching
7. SD-WAN: The Next Chapter
8. Which is the Right One For You?
9. Aryaka: Fly Business Class Over the Middle-Mile
10. Litmus Test
11. Litmus Test Results
12. The Aryaka Difference
13. Conclusions
End point address: IP address, MPLS, SD
MPLS = Multiprotocol Label Switching is a routing technique in telecommunications networks that directs data from one node to the next based on labels rather than network addresses. Whereas network addresses identify endpoints, the labels identify established paths between endpoints.
Enterprise networks carry a varied range of traffic, such as video, voice, and data. Each one of these traffic classes has its own set of performance requirements and traffic characteristics. A wisely carved out network framework places the right elements to facilitate sufficient resources to each traffic class in order to guarantee the required quality-of-service (QoS) and incremental performance improvements.
A Hybrid WAN architecture for example, combines broadband and MPLS, allowing network managers to keep mission critical traffic on the MPLS network and offload best effort traffic like e-mail and remote backups. This is certainly a better use of bandwidth than running everything over the MPLS network.
SD-WAN - combines all protcols, traffic into a single software-defined flexible appliance including routing, security, firewall for a single control plane
r>> users going to cloud platforms more than data center now
v>> independent of the ISP so you can mix providers as needed, where needed
v>> mix protocols including wireless for failure if needed
f>> QOS controlled well in private net but SD-WAN has dynamic QOS optimization services that normally do well for MOST use cases on latency
h>> migrate apps to SD-WAN as needed moving P2P
SDN, SD-WAN, & SD-Access Simplified... Seriously!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dE7VUuXJs0k
Introduction to Software Defined Technologies: The video introduces software-defined technologies, including Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Software-Defined WAN (SD-WAN), and Software-Defined Access (SD-Access), discussing their roles and components in Cisco's solutions.
Traditional Networking Devices: Discusses traditional networking devices like routers and switches, which operate on three planes: data plane (handling data forwarding), control plane (running algorithms like OSPF or spanning tree protocol), and management plane (for configuration and administration).
Shift to SDN: SDN represents a shift from traditional networking, moving from a distributed control plane, where each device has its own control plane, to a centralized model where the control plane is managed by an SDN controller.
Role of APIs in SDN: Emphasizes the use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in SDN, particularly southbound interfaces (SBIs) for communication between the controller and devices, and northbound interfaces (NBIs) for communication between the controller and applications.
Intent-Based Networking: Highlights the concept of intent-based networking in SDN, allowing administrators to express network intentions through applications rather than configuring each device individually.
Cisco's SDN Solutions: Distinguishes Cisco's SDN solutions in different contexts: Cisco APIC (Application Policy Infrastructure Controller) in data centers as part of Cisco's ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure) and Cisco DNA Center for enterprise networks.
SD-WAN Overview: Introduces SD-WAN, noting its advantages over traditional WAN by creating virtual, secure, and efficient overlay networks, thus overcoming inefficiencies like backhauling through a headquarters or data center.
Cisco’s Viptela-Based SD-WAN Solution: Cisco's SD-WAN solution, based on technology from their Viptela acquisition, includes components like vSmart for centralized control and vBond for network orchestration and zero-touch provisioning.
SD-WAN Network Infrastructure: Details the structure of SD-WAN networks, distinguishing between the physical underlay network and the virtual overlay network, with secure IPsec tunnels forming the data plane.
SD-Access as ACL Replacement: Describes SD-Access as an advancement over traditional access control lists (ACLs), enabling more dynamic policy enforcement using security groups and identities, irrespective of physical location.
Cisco's SD Access Architecture: Breaks down Cisco's SD Access solution into layers, starting from the physical layer (infrastructure devices) up to the management layer, indicating its comprehensive approach to network management.
Closing Remarks and Learning Opportunities: Concludes with a reminder of the educational opportunities available for learning more about these technologies, encouraging viewers to explore further through Cisco's training courses.
WAN Security Concepts
Unifying_Security_WAN_and_Ops_HP_WP_4AA4_2697_US.pdf link
Unifying_Security_WAN_and_Ops_HP_WP_4AA4_2697_US.pdf file
Cellular - 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G
5G concepts, value
6G concepts, value
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6G_(network)
https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/6G
7G concepts
Compared to 6G, 7G is designed to do the following:
- deliver data up to 46 Gbps -- nearly five times the rate of 6G projections;
- double the size of the channel to 320 MHz; and
- afford 16 spatial streams, compared to eight in 6G.
LoRaWan
https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/what-lorawanr
Helium
https://www.techradar.com/news/building-the-worlds-first-peer-to-peer-wireless-network
a blockchain protocol for p2p data sharing over LoRaWan
As the number of IoT devices continues to grow, keeping them all connected to the internet in an affordable way has proven difficult which is why Napster’s Co-creator Shawn Fanning, Sproutling founder Chris Bruce and Amir Haleem set out to build the word’s first peer-to-peer wireless network. Their company, Helium has created its own hotspot that is used to power the People’s Network. In addition to providing IoT devices with connectivity, the Helium hotspot also rewards its users with a new cryptocurrency that can be used to offset the initial cost of the device.
To learn more about the Helium hotspot and the peer-to-peer wireless network it powers, TechRadar Pro spoke with Helium’s CEO Amir Haleem.
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What inspired you and Helium’s other co-founders to create the world’s first peer-to-peer wireless network?
We had a few friends that were building hardware businesses. Everything from counting foot traffic in retail buildings, to connected baby monitors.
They all had the same problem when it came to getting data back to the internet - either you needed a phone nearby, or the sensor itself needed a cellular plan. It was pretty impossible to scale any kind of sensor-based business when the cellular connectivity alone was going to cost $30/mo or more per sensor. What was needed was a low-cost and energy efficient network that was designed specifically for these sub-voice devices, like sensors.
Shawn and I decided to find a way to remove these barriers and this ultimately led us to start building The People’s Network - a low-cost network for IoT that works everywhere, even outdoors.
Who is your target market? What kind of customers will be able to benefit from these products?
Helium is very much like Airbnb or Lyft. We have created a two-sided market. On the supply side, Helium Hotspot owners could be anyone with Internet access at home. We call them Hotspot Hosts or members of The People’s Network. They own and operate the Helium Hotspots themselves, which means they provide wireless coverage for IoT devices surrounding them using LongFi technology.
LongFi combines the popular LoRaWAN open wireless standard with the Helium blockchain. The Helium Hotspot also serves as a full node of the blockchain, and mines the Helium cryptocurrency (HNT) for proving its location and coverage to the network. The Helium blockchain is the engine that drives both the health of the network and the economic system that makes both sides of the marketplace work.
The demand side of our business are users who benefit from the network. This ranges from IoT hobbyists to large corporations with the need to connect small sensors to the internet. Some examples of companies who are already enjoying the benefits of our network include beverage delivery service company Nestle’s ReadyRefresh, agricultural tech company Agulus, and Conserv, a collections-focused environmental monitoring platform that provides widespread coverage to art and cultural collections to its clients.
LPWAN protocols
LPWAN Matter protocol
what are the advantages and disadvantages of the matter protocol compared to other wireless protocols?
To provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the Matter protocol compared to other wireless protocols, this report will be organized into chapters covering key topics. The Matter protocol, developed under the Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA), aims to increase compatibility among smart home devices and enhance their security, reliability, and ease of use.
### Table of Contents
1. **Introduction**
- Overview of Matter Protocol
- Purpose and Goals
2. **Comparison Framework**
- Criteria for Comparison
- List of Wireless Protocols for Comparison
3. **Advantages of Matter Protocol**
- Interoperability
- Security
- Reliability
- Ecosystem Support
4. **Disadvantages of Matter Protocol**
- Implementation Complexity
- Device Support Limitations
- Emerging Standard Challenges
5. **Comparison with Other Protocols**
- Zigbee
- Z-Wave
- Wi-Fi
- Bluetooth
6. **Case Studies and Real-World Applications**
7. **Conclusion and Future Outlook**
8. **References**
### 1. Introduction
The Matter protocol is an emerging open-source, royalty-free connectivity standard aimed at increasing interoperability among smart home devices regardless of the manufacturer. It supports a variety of device types and is backed by major industry players.
### 2. Comparison Framework
**Criteria for Comparison:** Interoperability, security, range, power consumption, ecosystem support, and ease of use.
**List of Wireless Protocols for Comparison:** Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.
### 3. Advantages of Matter Protocol
#### Interoperability
- **Unified Standard:** Ensures devices from different manufacturers work seamlessly together.
- **Broad Industry Support:** Backed by leading tech companies, fostering a wide adoption.
#### Security
- **Robust Security Features:** Incorporates state-of-the-art cryptographic algorithms for secure communication.
#### Reliability
- **Low Latency:** Designed for responsive and reliable device operation.
- **Mesh Networking:** Supports mesh networking for enhanced coverage and reliability.
#### Ecosystem Support
- **Open Source:** Promotes development and innovation within the community.
- **Scalability:** Suitable for small to large scale smart home ecosystems.
### 4. Disadvantages of Matter Protocol
#### Implementation Complexity
- **Technical Challenges:** Integrating with existing infrastructure can be complex.
#### Device Support Limitations
- **Adoption Rate:** As a new standard, not all existing devices are compatible.
#### Emerging Standard Challenges
- **Evolving Specifications:** The protocol is still evolving, which may lead to implementation hurdles.
### 5. Comparison with Other Protocols
**Zigbee and Z-Wave** are established with broad device support but can suffer from compatibility issues across different brands. **Wi-Fi** offers high-speed data transfer but consumes more power, while **Bluetooth** is widely used for short-range communication but has limitations in mesh networking.
### 6. Case Studies and Real-World Applications
Illustrative examples of Matter protocol deployment in smart homes and how it solves interoperability issues will be discussed.
### 7. Conclusion and Future Outlook
The Matter protocol represents a significant step towards unified smart home ecosystems. Its development and adoption could redefine interoperability standards, but challenges remain in broad adoption and integration with existing devices.
### 8. References
To ensure accuracy and provide depth, references would typically include official documentation from the Connectivity Standards Alliance, comparative studies between protocols, and industry reports on smart home technology trends.
This structured overview highlights the potential of the Matter protocol to transform the smart home industry while acknowledging the challenges ahead. Further analysis and real-world applications will shed more light on its long-term impact.
To add specific references and enhance the depth of the report on the Matter protocol and its comparison with other wireless protocols, we'll include hypothetical references based on typical sources you might consult for such an analysis. Note that for the most current and detailed information, official documentation from the Connectivity Standards Alliance, technical whitepapers, and industry reports should be reviewed.
### 8. References
1. Connectivity Standards Alliance (CSA). "Matter: Building the Future of Connectivity." [https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/](https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/). This is the official page for Matter by the Connectivity Standards Alliance, detailing the protocol’s objectives, features, and the latest updates.
2. Zigbee Alliance. "Zigbee Wireless Standard." [https://zigbee.org/](https://zigbee.org/). The official Zigbee Alliance website provides information on the Zigbee protocol, including its applications, benefits, and ecosystem.
3. Z-Wave Alliance. "Z-Wave Technology." [https://z-wavealliance.org/](https://z-wavealliance.org/). Official website for Z-Wave, offering insights into the technology, its use in home automation, and member companies.
4. Wi-Fi Alliance. "Wi-Fi in the Home." [https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-in-the-home](https://www.wi-fi.org/discover-wi-fi/wi-fi-in-the-home). This page discusses the role of Wi-Fi technology in home networking, including its advantages and application areas.
5. Bluetooth SIG. "Bluetooth Technology Website." [https://www.bluetooth.com/](https://www.bluetooth.com/). The official site for Bluetooth technology, providing details on the standard, its uses, and the latest specifications.
6. Technical Analysis Group. "Comparing Wireless Protocols for Home Automation." Journal of Smart Home Technology, vol. 5, no. 3, 2023, pp. 150-165. A hypothetical peer-reviewed article that compares different wireless protocols, including Matter, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, focusing on their performance in smart home environments.
7. Smart Home Insights. "The Impact of Matter Protocol on Home Automation." [https://smarthomeinsights.com/the-impact-of-matter-protocol/](https://smarthomeinsights.com/the-impact-of-matter-protocol/). A blog post discussing the potential impact of the Matter protocol on the smart home industry, including adoption challenges and benefits for consumers.
Remember, the URLs provided are for illustrative purposes and may not lead to actual resources. For the most accurate and current information, please visit the official websites and consult the latest publications in the field.
Potential Value Opportunities
Potential Challenges
Candidate Solutions
Step-by-step guide for Example
sample code block